today I tried to clone a pc with OpenSuse12 using Clonezilla as cloning solution.
Then I tried to boot the target cloned machine but it wasn't able to boot and the errors was something like this (the disk names are from another post, just as an example) :
Trying manual resume from /dev/disk/by-id/ata-TOSHIBA-MK1246GSX-28FGTI70T-part1
resume device dev/disk/by-id/ata-TOSHIBA-MK1246GSX-28FGTI70T-part1 not found (ignoring)
Trying manual resume from /dev/disk/by-id/ata-TOSHIBA-MK1246GSX-28FGTI70T-part1
resume device dev/disk/by-id/ata-TOSHIBA-MK1246GSX-28FGTI70T-part1 not found (ignoring)
Waiting for device dev/disk/by-id/ata-TOSHIBA-MK1246GSX-28FGTI70T-part2 to appear : ........................ Could not find dev/disk/by-id/ata-TOSHIBA-MK1246GSX-28FGTI70T-part2 .
Want me to fall back to dev/disk/by-id/ata-TOSHIBA-MK1246GSX-28FGTI70T-part2 ? (Y/N)
y
Waiting for device dev/disk/by-id/ata-TOSHIBA-MK1246GSX-28FGTI70T-part2 to appear : ...............not found -- exiting to /bin/sh
The typical messages are:
Trying manual resume from
resume device dev/disk/by-id/ata-...-part1 not found (ignoring)
Waiting for device dev/disk/by-id/ata-...-part2 to appear
Could not find dev/disk/by-id/ata-...-part2
Want me to fall back to dev/disk/by-id/ata-...-part2 ? (Y/N)
This happens due to a new default setting in OpenSuse: from Ver.10Sp1 on, the new default is to reference the storage device (the disks) "by-id" instead of by-name
I mean, in the past the disks was referenced like this:
sda
sdb
...
then the partitions of the first disk (sda) was:
sda1
sda2
sda3
and so on.
Now the new way to reference disk and partition is:
The disks are (just an example, it changes based on the disk manifacturer and other data):
/dev/disk/by-id/ata-TOSHIBA-MK1246GSX-28FGTI70T
/dev/disk/by-id/ata-ST380013AS_4MR2NSD8
where the first row is the first disk, a Toshiba disk, the second is another disk, a Seagate disk.
The partitions will be, for the first disk, for example:
/dev/disk/by-id/ata-TOSHIBA-MK1246GSX-28FGTI70T-part1
/dev/disk/by-id/ata-TOSHIBA-MK1246GSX-28FGTI70T-part2
for the second disk:
/dev/disk/by-id/ata-ST380013AS_4MR2NSD8-part1
/dev/disk/by-id/ata-ST380013AS_4MR2NSD8-part2
The problem with cloning is that around the system, in some configuration files, there are references to the original disks "by-id", unfortunately on the target computer (where we restore the image) the disks will be different, will have different "by-id" name, so linux will be unable to find the disks and boot correctly.
SOLUTION
The solution is quite simple.
After creating the MASTER computer, we need to change 2 files in order to modify the "by-id" reference in "by-name" reference.
The files are:
/etc/fstab
/boot/grub/menu.lst
in both the files we need to find every instance of names like (example)
/dev/disk/by-id/ata-TOSHIBA-MK1246GSX-28FGTI70T-part1
and change in something like:
/dev/sda1
take care about the partition number:
-part1 -> sda1
-part2 -> sda2
and so on.
To modify those files from a command prompt we need to run the editor using sudo else we will get an error (missing rights):
sudo vi /etc/fstab
(then i to go into insert mode, change the disk name, then press ESC to exit insert mode, then :wq to write the changes to disk and quit, else to discard changes :qa!)
sudo vi /boot/grub/menu.lst
(same instruction as above)
Reboot the computer to check that everything is still working fine.
You are now ready to create the image with Clonezilla (or other cloning solution) and restore on the target pc.
SAMPLE
Here how my files appeared before and after the change:
/etc/fstab
BEFORE
/dev/disk/by-id/ata-ST380013AS_4MR2NSD8-part1 swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/disk/by-id/ata-ST380013AS_4MR2NSD8-part2 / ext4 acl,user_xattr 1 1
/dev/disk/by-id/ata-ST380013AS_4MR2NSD8-part3 /home ext4 acl,user_xattr 1 2
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs noauto 0 0
debugfs /sys/kernel/debug debugfs noauto 0 0
usbfs /proc/bus/usb usbfs noauto 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts mode=0620,gid=5 0 0
/etc/fstab
AFTER
/dev/sda1 swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/sda2 / ext4 acl,user_xattr 1 1
/dev/sda3 /home ext4 acl,user_xattr 1 2
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs noauto 0 0
debugfs /sys/kernel/debug debugfs noauto 0 0
usbfs /proc/bus/usb usbfs noauto 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts mode=0620,gid=5 0 0
/boot/grub/menu.lst
BEFORE
# Modified by YaST2. Last modification on Fri Nov 25 21:23:32 CET 2011
# THIS FILE WILL BE PARTIALLY OVERWRITTEN by perl-Bootloader
# For the new kernel it try to figure out old parameters. In case we are not able to recognize it (e.g. change of flavor or strange install order ) it it use as fallback installation parameters from /etc/sysconfig/bootloader
default 0
timeout 8
##YaST - generic_mbr
gfxmenu (hd0,1)/boot/message
##YaST - activate
###Don't change this comment - YaST2 identifier: Original name: linux###
title openSUSE 12.1 - 3.1.0-1.2
root (hd0,1)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-3.1.0-1.2-default root=/dev/disk/by-id/ata-ST380013AS_4MR2NSD8-part2 resume=/dev/disk/by-id/ata-ST380013AS_4MR2NSD8-part1 splash=silent quiet showopts vga=0x31a
initrd /boot/initrd-3.1.0-1.2-default
###Don't change this comment - YaST2 identifier: Original name: failsafe###
title Failsafe -- openSUSE 12.1 - 3.1.0-1.2
root (hd0,1)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-3.1.0-1.2-default root=/dev/disk/by-id/ata-ST380013AS_4MR2NSD8-part2 showopts apm=off noresume nosmp maxcpus=0 edd=off powersaved=off nohz=off highres=off processor.max_cstate=1 nomodeset x11failsafe vga=0x31a
initrd /boot/initrd-3.1.0-1.2-default
/boot/grub/menu.lst
AFTER
# Modified by YaST2. Last modification on Fri Nov 25 21:23:32 CET 2011
# THIS FILE WILL BE PARTIALLY OVERWRITTEN by perl-Bootloader
# For the new kernel it try to figure out old parameters. In case we are not able to recognize it (e.g. change of flavor or strange install order ) it it use as fallback installation parameters from /etc/sysconfig/bootloader
default 0
timeout 8
##YaST - generic_mbr
gfxmenu (hd0,1)/boot/message
##YaST - activate
###Don't change this comment - YaST2 identifier: Original name: linux###
title openSUSE 12.1 - 3.1.0-1.2
root (hd0,1)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-3.1.0-1.2-default root=/dev/sda2 resume=/dev/sda1 splash=silent quiet showopts vga=0x31a
initrd /boot/initrd-3.1.0-1.2-default
###Don't change this comment - YaST2 identifier: Original name: failsafe###
title Failsafe -- openSUSE 12.1 - 3.1.0-1.2
root (hd0,1)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-3.1.0-1.2-default root=/dev/sda2 showopts apm=off noresume nosmp maxcpus=0 edd=off powersaved=off nohz=off highres=off processor.max_cstate=1 nomodeset x11failsafe vga=0x31a
initrd /boot/initrd-3.1.0-1.2-default
bye
Digger
for the second disk:
/dev/disk/by-id/ata-ST380013AS_4MR2NSD8-part1
/dev/disk/by-id/ata-ST380013AS_4MR2NSD8-part2
The problem with cloning is that around the system, in some configuration files, there are references to the original disks "by-id", unfortunately on the target computer (where we restore the image) the disks will be different, will have different "by-id" name, so linux will be unable to find the disks and boot correctly.
SOLUTION
The solution is quite simple.
After creating the MASTER computer, we need to change 2 files in order to modify the "by-id" reference in "by-name" reference.
The files are:
/etc/fstab
/boot/grub/menu.lst
in both the files we need to find every instance of names like (example)
/dev/disk/by-id/ata-TOSHIBA-MK1246GSX-28FGTI70T-part1
and change in something like:
/dev/sda1
take care about the partition number:
-part1 -> sda1
-part2 -> sda2
and so on.
To modify those files from a command prompt we need to run the editor using sudo else we will get an error (missing rights):
sudo vi /etc/fstab
(then i to go into insert mode, change the disk name, then press ESC to exit insert mode, then :wq to write the changes to disk and quit, else to discard changes :qa!)
sudo vi /boot/grub/menu.lst
(same instruction as above)
Reboot the computer to check that everything is still working fine.
You are now ready to create the image with Clonezilla (or other cloning solution) and restore on the target pc.
SAMPLE
Here how my files appeared before and after the change:
/etc/fstab
BEFORE
/dev/disk/by-id/ata-ST380013AS_4MR2NSD8-part1 swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/disk/by-id/ata-ST380013AS_4MR2NSD8-part2 / ext4 acl,user_xattr 1 1
/dev/disk/by-id/ata-ST380013AS_4MR2NSD8-part3 /home ext4 acl,user_xattr 1 2
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs noauto 0 0
debugfs /sys/kernel/debug debugfs noauto 0 0
usbfs /proc/bus/usb usbfs noauto 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts mode=0620,gid=5 0 0
/etc/fstab
AFTER
/dev/sda1 swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/sda2 / ext4 acl,user_xattr 1 1
/dev/sda3 /home ext4 acl,user_xattr 1 2
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs noauto 0 0
debugfs /sys/kernel/debug debugfs noauto 0 0
usbfs /proc/bus/usb usbfs noauto 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts mode=0620,gid=5 0 0
/boot/grub/menu.lst
BEFORE
# Modified by YaST2. Last modification on Fri Nov 25 21:23:32 CET 2011
# THIS FILE WILL BE PARTIALLY OVERWRITTEN by perl-Bootloader
# For the new kernel it try to figure out old parameters. In case we are not able to recognize it (e.g. change of flavor or strange install order ) it it use as fallback installation parameters from /etc/sysconfig/bootloader
default 0
timeout 8
##YaST - generic_mbr
gfxmenu (hd0,1)/boot/message
##YaST - activate
###Don't change this comment - YaST2 identifier: Original name: linux###
title openSUSE 12.1 - 3.1.0-1.2
root (hd0,1)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-3.1.0-1.2-default root=/dev/disk/by-id/ata-ST380013AS_4MR2NSD8-part2 resume=/dev/disk/by-id/ata-ST380013AS_4MR2NSD8-part1 splash=silent quiet showopts vga=0x31a
initrd /boot/initrd-3.1.0-1.2-default
###Don't change this comment - YaST2 identifier: Original name: failsafe###
title Failsafe -- openSUSE 12.1 - 3.1.0-1.2
root (hd0,1)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-3.1.0-1.2-default root=/dev/disk/by-id/ata-ST380013AS_4MR2NSD8-part2 showopts apm=off noresume nosmp maxcpus=0 edd=off powersaved=off nohz=off highres=off processor.max_cstate=1 nomodeset x11failsafe vga=0x31a
initrd /boot/initrd-3.1.0-1.2-default
/boot/grub/menu.lst
AFTER
# Modified by YaST2. Last modification on Fri Nov 25 21:23:32 CET 2011
# THIS FILE WILL BE PARTIALLY OVERWRITTEN by perl-Bootloader
# For the new kernel it try to figure out old parameters. In case we are not able to recognize it (e.g. change of flavor or strange install order ) it it use as fallback installation parameters from /etc/sysconfig/bootloader
default 0
timeout 8
##YaST - generic_mbr
gfxmenu (hd0,1)/boot/message
##YaST - activate
###Don't change this comment - YaST2 identifier: Original name: linux###
title openSUSE 12.1 - 3.1.0-1.2
root (hd0,1)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-3.1.0-1.2-default root=/dev/sda2 resume=/dev/sda1 splash=silent quiet showopts vga=0x31a
initrd /boot/initrd-3.1.0-1.2-default
###Don't change this comment - YaST2 identifier: Original name: failsafe###
title Failsafe -- openSUSE 12.1 - 3.1.0-1.2
root (hd0,1)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-3.1.0-1.2-default root=/dev/sda2 showopts apm=off noresume nosmp maxcpus=0 edd=off powersaved=off nohz=off highres=off processor.max_cstate=1 nomodeset x11failsafe vga=0x31a
initrd /boot/initrd-3.1.0-1.2-default
bye
Digger
